Kubernetes Cluster ile Çalışma

Cluster hakkında bilgi almak ve incelemek için aşağıdaki komutu kullanacağız, Hangi cluster üzerinde çalıştığımız hakkında da bilgi almamıza faydalı olacaktır,

root@kkubectl cluster-info

root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# kubectl cluster-info
Kubernetes control plane is running at https://172.22.17.200:6443
CoreDNS is running at https://172.22.17.200:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# 

Sık kullanacağımız en önemli işlemlerden bir tanesi.. Nodeların durumunu, sürümlerini gözlemlememize yardımcı olacak,

root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
c1-node1     Ready    worker                 9h    v1.22.4
c1-node2     Ready    worker                 8h    v1.22.4
c1-node3     Ready    worker                 8h    v1.22.4
k8s-c1-cp1   Ready    control-plane,master   9h    v1.22.4
root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# 

Bir cluster hakkında daha fazla bilgi (çıktı) almak için kullanabiliriz. Clusterdaki her node hakkında bilgi verir.

root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# kubectl get nodes -o wide
NAME         STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION   INTERNAL-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   OS-IMAGE       KERNEL-VERSION      CONTAINER-RUNTIME
c1-node1     Ready    worker                 9h    v1.22.4   172.22.17.201   <none>        Ubuntu 21.04   5.11.0-49-generic   containerd://1.5.5
c1-node2     Ready    worker                 8h    v1.22.4   172.22.17.202   <none>        Ubuntu 21.04   5.11.0-49-generic   containerd://1.5.5
c1-node3     Ready    worker                 8h    v1.22.4   172.22.17.203   <none>        Ubuntu 21.04   5.11.0-49-generic   containerd://1.5.5
k8s-c1-cp1   Ready    control-plane,master   9h    v1.22.4   172.22.17.200   <none>        Ubuntu 21.04   5.11.0-49-generic   containerd://1.5.5
root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# 

Cluster üzerinde çalışan podların listesini alır. Eğer herhangi çalışan bir pod yok ise aşağıdaki şekilde çıktı verir.

root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# kubectl get pods 
No resources found in default namespace.
root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# 

Sistem bölümlerinin listesini almak ve namespace, kaynaklar ile birlikte gruplandırılmış halini gösterir,

root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
calico-kube-controllers-6fd7b9848d-plnz5   1/1     Running   0          9h
calico-node-9k9pm                          1/1     Running   0          8h
calico-node-gr575                          1/1     Running   0          9h
calico-node-tqtjx                          1/1     Running   0          9h
calico-node-zth86                          1/1     Running   0          8h
coredns-78fcd69978-v4cvf                   1/1     Running   0          9h
coredns-78fcd69978-xs8wg                   1/1     Running   0          9h
etcd-k8s-c1-cp1                            1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-apiserver-k8s-c1-cp1                  1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-controller-manager-k8s-c1-cp1         1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-proxy-8lkgg                           1/1     Running   0          8h
kube-proxy-h5tz6                           1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-proxy-hngcb                           1/1     Running   0          8h
kube-proxy-zg89n                           1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-scheduler-k8s-c1-cp1                  1/1     Running   0          9h
root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# 

Her pod hakkında detaylı bilgi almak için kullanılır,

root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system -o wide
NAME                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP               NODE         NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
calico-kube-controllers-6fd7b9848d-plnz5   1/1     Running   0          9h    192.168.84.193   k8s-c1-cp1   <none>           <none>
calico-node-9k9pm                          1/1     Running   0          8h    172.22.17.202    c1-node2     <none>           <none>
calico-node-gr575                          1/1     Running   0          9h    172.22.17.201    c1-node1     <none>           <none>
calico-node-tqtjx                          1/1     Running   0          9h    172.22.17.200    k8s-c1-cp1   <none>           <none>
calico-node-zth86                          1/1     Running   0          8h    172.22.17.203    c1-node3     <none>           <none>
coredns-78fcd69978-v4cvf                   1/1     Running   0          9h    192.168.84.195   k8s-c1-cp1   <none>           <none>
coredns-78fcd69978-xs8wg                   1/1     Running   0          9h    192.168.84.194   k8s-c1-cp1   <none>           <none>
etcd-k8s-c1-cp1                            1/1     Running   0          9h    172.22.17.200    k8s-c1-cp1   <none>           <none>
kube-apiserver-k8s-c1-cp1                  1/1     Running   0          9h    172.22.17.200    k8s-c1-cp1   <none>           <none>
kube-controller-manager-k8s-c1-cp1         1/1     Running   0          9h    172.22.17.200    k8s-c1-cp1   <none>           <none>
kube-proxy-8lkgg                           1/1     Running   0          8h    172.22.17.203    c1-node3     <none>           <none>
kube-proxy-h5tz6                           1/1     Running   0          9h    172.22.17.200    k8s-c1-cp1   <none>           <none>
kube-proxy-hngcb                           1/1     Running   0          8h    172.22.17.202    c1-node2     <none>           <none>
kube-proxy-zg89n                           1/1     Running   0          9h    172.22.17.201    c1-node1     <none>           <none>
kube-scheduler-k8s-c1-cp1                  1/1     Running   0          9h    172.22.17.200    k8s-c1-cp1   <none>           <none>
root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# 

Tüm namespace üzerinde çalışan her şeyin bilgisini almak için kullanılır. Podlara ek olarak servisler, daemonsetler, deploymentlar ve replicasetleri gösterir.

root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# kubectl get all --all-namespaces | more
NAMESPACE     NAME                                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   pod/calico-kube-controllers-6fd7b9848d-plnz5   1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-system   pod/calico-node-9k9pm                          1/1     Running   0          8h
kube-system   pod/calico-node-gr575                          1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-system   pod/calico-node-tqtjx                          1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-system   pod/calico-node-zth86                          1/1     Running   0          8h
kube-system   pod/coredns-78fcd69978-v4cvf                   1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-system   pod/coredns-78fcd69978-xs8wg                   1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-system   pod/etcd-k8s-c1-cp1                            1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-system   pod/kube-apiserver-k8s-c1-cp1                  1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-system   pod/kube-controller-manager-k8s-c1-cp1         1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-system   pod/kube-proxy-8lkgg                           1/1     Running   0          8h
kube-system   pod/kube-proxy-h5tz6                           1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-system   pod/kube-proxy-hngcb                           1/1     Running   0          8h
kube-system   pod/kube-proxy-zg89n                           1/1     Running   0          9h
kube-system   pod/kube-scheduler-k8s-c1-cp1                  1/1     Running   0          9h

NAMESPACE     NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
default       service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1    <none>        443/TCP                  9h
kube-system   service/kube-dns     ClusterIP   10.96.0.10   <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP   9h

NAMESPACE     NAME                         DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   NODE SELECTOR            AGE
kube-system   daemonset.apps/calico-node   4         4         4       4            4           kubernetes.io/os=linux   9h
kube-system   daemonset.apps/kube-proxy    4         4         4       4            4           kubernetes.io/os=linux   9h

NAMESPACE     NAME                                      READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
kube-system   deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers   1/1     1            1           9h
kube-system   deployment.apps/coredns                   2/2     2            2           9h

NAMESPACE     NAME                                                 DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
kube-system   replicaset.apps/calico-kube-controllers-6fd7b9848d   1         1         1       9h
kube-system   replicaset.apps/coredns-78fcd69978                   2         2         2       9h
root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# 

Kubernetesten bildiği kaynakları listeleme. Her sütundaki başlıkları inceleyerek, Name, Alias, API Version bilgilerini görme.

root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# kubectl api-resources | more
NAME                              SHORTNAMES   APIVERSION                             NAMESPACED   KIND
bindings                                       v1                                     true         Binding
componentstatuses                 cs           v1                                     false        ComponentStatus
configmaps                        cm           v1                                     true         ConfigMap
endpoints                         ep           v1                                     true         Endpoints
events                            ev           v1                                     true         Event
limitranges                       limits       v1                                     true         LimitRange
namespaces                        ns           v1                                     false        Namespace
nodes                             no           v1                                     false        Node
persistentvolumeclaims            pvc          v1                                     true         PersistentVolumeClaim
persistentvolumes                 pv           v1                                     false        PersistentVolume
pods                              po           v1                                     true         Pod
podtemplates                                   v1                                     true         PodTemplate
replicationcontrollers            rc           v1                                     true         ReplicationController
resourcequotas                    quota        v1                                     true         ResourceQuota
secrets                                        v1                                     true         Secret
serviceaccounts                   sa           v1                                     true         ServiceAccount
services                          svc          v1                                     true         Service
mutatingwebhookconfigurations                  admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1        false        MutatingWebhookConfiguration
validatingwebhookconfigurations                admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1        false        ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
customresourcedefinitions         crd,crds     apiextensions.k8s.io/v1                false        CustomResourceDefinition
apiservices                                    apiregistration.k8s.io/v1              false        APIService
controllerrevisions                            apps/v1                                true         ControllerRevision
daemonsets                        ds           apps/v1                                true         DaemonSet
deployments                       deploy       apps/v1                                true         Deployment
replicasets                       rs           apps/v1                                true         ReplicaSet
statefulsets                      sts          apps/v1                                true         StatefulSet
tokenreviews                                   authentication.k8s.io/v1               false        TokenReview
localsubjectaccessreviews                      authorization.k8s.io/v1                true         LocalSubjectAccessReview
selfsubjectaccessreviews                       authorization.k8s.io/v1                false        SelfSubjectAccessReview
selfsubjectrulesreviews                        authorization.k8s.io/v1                false        SelfSubjectRulesReview
subjectaccessreviews                           authorization.k8s.io/v1                false        SubjectAccessReview
horizontalpodautoscalers          hpa          autoscaling/v1                         true         HorizontalPodAutoscaler
cronjobs                          cj           batch/v1                               true         CronJob
jobs                                           batch/v1                               true         Job
certificatesigningrequests        csr          certificates.k8s.io/v1                 false        CertificateSigningRequest
leases                                         coordination.k8s.io/v1                 true         Lease
bgpconfigurations                              crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        BGPConfiguration
bgppeers                                       crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        BGPPeer
blockaffinities                                crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        BlockAffinity
caliconodestatuses                             crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        CalicoNodeStatus
clusterinformations                            crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        ClusterInformation
felixconfigurations                            crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        FelixConfiguration
globalnetworkpolicies                          crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        GlobalNetworkPolicy
globalnetworksets                              crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        GlobalNetworkSet
hostendpoints                                  crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        HostEndpoint
ipamblocks                                     crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        IPAMBlock
ipamconfigs                                    crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        IPAMConfig
ipamhandles                                    crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        IPAMHandle
ippools                                        crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        IPPool
ipreservations                                 crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        IPReservation
kubecontrollersconfigurations                  crd.projectcalico.org/v1               false        KubeControllersConfiguration
networkpolicies                                crd.projectcalico.org/v1               true         NetworkPolicy
networksets                                    crd.projectcalico.org/v1               true         NetworkSet
endpointslices                                 discovery.k8s.io/v1                    true         EndpointSlice
events                            ev           events.k8s.io/v1                       true         Event
flowschemas                                    flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta1   false        FlowSchema
prioritylevelconfigurations                    flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta1   false        PriorityLevelConfiguration
ingressclasses                                 networking.k8s.io/v1                   false        IngressClass
ingresses                         ing          networking.k8s.io/v1                   true         Ingress
networkpolicies                   netpol       networking.k8s.io/v1                   true         NetworkPolicy
runtimeclasses                                 node.k8s.io/v1                         false        RuntimeClass
poddisruptionbudgets              pdb          policy/v1                              true         PodDisruptionBudget
podsecuritypolicies               psp          policy/v1beta1                         false        PodSecurityPolicy
clusterrolebindings                            rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           false        ClusterRoleBinding
clusterroles                                   rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           false        ClusterRole
rolebindings                                   rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           true         RoleBinding
roles                                          rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           true         Role
priorityclasses                   pc           scheduling.k8s.io/v1                   false        PriorityClass
csidrivers                                     storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        CSIDriver
csinodes                                       storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        CSINode
csistoragecapacities                           storage.k8s.io/v1beta1                 true         CSIStorageCapacity
storageclasses                    sc           storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        StorageClass
volumeattachments                              storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        VolumeAttachment
root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# 

Filtreleme yaparak kolayca gruplarımızı listeleyebiliriz,

root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# kubectl api-resources | grep pod
pods                              po           v1                                     true         Pod
podtemplates                                   v1                                     true         PodTemplate
horizontalpodautoscalers          hpa          autoscaling/v1                         true         HorizontalPodAutoscaler
poddisruptionbudgets              pdb          policy/v1                              true         PodDisruptionBudget
podsecuritypolicies               psp          policy/v1beta1                         false        PodSecurityPolicy
root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# 

Kaynağı ayrıntılı olarak açıklamalarını görmek için,

kubectl explain pod | more 
kubectl explain pod.spec | more 
kubectl explain pod.spec.containers | more 
kubectl explain pod --recursive | more 

Tanım kullanarak nodalara daha yakından incelemek için ve Name, Taints, Conditions, Addresses, System INfo, Non-Terminated, Pods ve Events lar hakkında bilgi alabiliriz.

root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# kubectl describe nodes k8s-c1-cp1 | more 
Name:               k8s-c1-cp1
Roles:              control-plane,master
Labels:             beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
                    beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux
                    kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
                    kubernetes.io/hostname=k8s-c1-cp1
                    kubernetes.io/os=linux
                    node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane=
                    node-role.kubernetes.io/master=
                    node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers=
Annotations:        kubeadm.alpha.kubernetes.io/cri-socket: /run/containerd/containerd.sock
                    node.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl: 0
                    projectcalico.org/IPv4Address: 172.22.17.200/24
                    projectcalico.org/IPv4IPIPTunnelAddr: 192.168.84.192
                    volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach: true
CreationTimestamp:  Wed, 16 Mar 2022 08:23:09 +0000
Taints:             node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule
Unschedulable:      false
Lease:
  HolderIdentity:  k8s-c1-cp1
  AcquireTime:     <unset>
  RenewTime:       Wed, 16 Mar 2022 18:24:07 +0000
Conditions:
  Type                 Status  LastHeartbeatTime                 LastTransitionTime                Reason                       Message
  ----                 ------  -----------------                 ------------------                ------                       -------
  NetworkUnavailable   False   Wed, 16 Mar 2022 08:26:47 +0000   Wed, 16 Mar 2022 08:26:47 +0000   CalicoIsUp                   Calico is running on this node
  MemoryPressure       False   Wed, 16 Mar 2022 18:22:55 +0000   Wed, 16 Mar 2022 08:23:05 +0000   KubeletHasSufficientMemory   kubelet has sufficient memory available
  DiskPressure         False   Wed, 16 Mar 2022 18:22:55 +0000   Wed, 16 Mar 2022 08:23:05 +0000   KubeletHasNoDiskPressure     kubelet has no disk pressure
  PIDPressure          False   Wed, 16 Mar 2022 18:22:55 +0000   Wed, 16 Mar 2022 08:23:05 +0000   KubeletHasSufficientPID      kubelet has sufficient PID available
  Ready                True    Wed, 16 Mar 2022 18:22:55 +0000   Wed, 16 Mar 2022 08:26:39 +0000   KubeletReady                 kubelet is posting ready status. AppArmor enabled
Addresses:
  InternalIP:  172.22.17.200
  Hostname:    k8s-c1-cp1
Capacity:
  cpu:                4
  ephemeral-storage:  81529272Ki
  hugepages-1Gi:      0
  hugepages-2Mi:      0
  memory:             16388396Ki
  pods:               110
Allocatable:
  cpu:                4
  ephemeral-storage:  75137376951
  hugepages-1Gi:      0
  hugepages-2Mi:      0
  memory:             16285996Ki
  pods:               110
System Info:
  Machine ID:                 500ab52583484b5eb60bd738405c4a3c
  System UUID:                fdf30142-00d8-d8fc-73fb-8c15facbf0e5
  Boot ID:                    bf113caf-f511-4d15-82c1-684e0ad19afb
  Kernel Version:             5.11.0-49-generic
  OS Image:                   Ubuntu 21.04
  Operating System:           linux
  Architecture:               amd64
  Container Runtime Version:  containerd://1.5.5
  Kubelet Version:            v1.22.4
  Kube-Proxy Version:         v1.22.4
Non-terminated Pods:          (9 in total)
  Namespace                   Name                                        CPU Requests  CPU Limits  Memory Requests  Memory Limits  Age
  ---------                   ----                                        ------------  ----------  ---------------  -------------  ---
  kube-system                 calico-kube-controllers-6fd7b9848d-plnz5    0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)         9h
  kube-system                 calico-node-tqtjx                           250m (6%)     0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)         9h
  kube-system                 coredns-78fcd69978-v4cvf                    100m (2%)     0 (0%)      70Mi (0%)        170Mi (1%)     10h
  kube-system                 coredns-78fcd69978-xs8wg                    100m (2%)     0 (0%)      70Mi (0%)        170Mi (1%)     10h
  kube-system                 etcd-k8s-c1-cp1                             100m (2%)     0 (0%)      100Mi (0%)       0 (0%)         10h
  kube-system                 kube-apiserver-k8s-c1-cp1                   250m (6%)     0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)         10h
  kube-system                 kube-controller-manager-k8s-c1-cp1          200m (5%)     0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)         10h
  kube-system                 kube-proxy-h5tz6                            0 (0%)        0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)         10h
  kube-system                 kube-scheduler-k8s-c1-cp1                   100m (2%)     0 (0%)      0 (0%)           0 (0%)         10h
Allocated resources:
  (Total limits may be over 100 percent, i.e., overcommitted.)
  Resource           Requests     Limits
  --------           --------     ------
  cpu                1100m (27%)  0 (0%)
  memory             240Mi (1%)   340Mi (2%)
  ephemeral-storage  0 (0%)       0 (0%)
  hugepages-1Gi      0 (0%)       0 (0%)
  hugepages-2Mi      0 (0%)       0 (0%)
Events:              <none>
root@k8s-c1-cp1:~# 

Yardım almak için -h ve ya –help kullanın,

kubectl -h | more
kubectl get -h | more
kubectl create -h | more

Kubernetes clusterımız ve nodlarımız hakkında genel kullanımda kullanabileceğimiz komutlar bu şekilde sıralanabilir, ögrendikçe, payalşmaya devam..

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